Tarsal tunnel syndrome, though less commonly known than other foot and ankle conditions, can cause significant discomfort and impairment for those affected. Similar to carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist, tarsal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through a narrow space along the inside of the ankle called the tarsal tunnel. This tunnel also contains various arteries and tendons alongside the nerve.
The posterior tibial nerve is responsible for sensation and movement in the foot and calf muscles. When it becomes compressed within the tarsal tunnel, it produces tingling, burning, numbness, and pain that is felt primarily on the bottom of the foot and around the inside of the ankle.
What Causes Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?
Tarsal tunnel syndrome most often results from pressure or injury affecting the posterior tibial nerve. This compression can stem from a number of sources, including:
- Injuries that produce inflammation and swelling in or around the tunnel, placing pressure on the nerve
- Direct or prolonged pressure on the nerve, sometimes from nearby structures or trauma
- Diseases that damage nerves, such as diabetes or arthritis
- Flat feet, since the extra strain placed on the foot can compress the posterior tibial nerve
In some cases, tarsal tunnel syndrome develops without an obvious underlying cause.
Symptoms of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
People with tarsal tunnel syndrome often notice different sensations in the foot at different times, including pain, tingling, burning, or other unusual feelings along the bottom of the foot or affected leg. Symptoms can appear suddenly and are frequently linked to overuse.
As the condition worsens, the muscles of the foot, toes, and ankle can become weaker, making it harder to curl the toes or flex the foot. In more advanced or long-standing cases, reduced sensation can allow minor injuries to go unnoticed, and skin infections or ulcers may develop on the affected foot.
How Is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosed?
To diagnose tarsal tunnel syndrome, your podiatrist will typically perform a physical exam of the leg and foot, including tapping over the posterior tibial nerve (a test sometimes called Tinel's sign) to see whether it reproduces your symptoms. Imaging such as an MRI may be ordered to check for a mass or structural cause of the compression, and nerve conduction studies can help confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions.
Treatment Options
Treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome depends on the underlying cause and severity, and your podiatrist will help decide which combination of options is right for you. Available treatments include:
- Rest, ice, and immobilization
- Oral anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs)
- Physical therapy
- Injection therapy
- Custom orthotics and supportive shoes to reduce strain on the nerve
- Bracing
- Surgery, in cases that do not respond to conservative treatment
Early recognition and treatment are important for managing tarsal tunnel syndrome effectively and avoiding permanent nerve damage or long-term functional limitations. If you are experiencing burning, tingling, or numbness in your foot or ankle, it is suggested that you consult with a podiatrist who can offer an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan. If you have any questions, feel free to contact our office located in Marietta, GA. We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.
Request an appointment with Choice Podiatry Center to have your symptoms evaluated.